Definitions of Terms

IDENTITY: The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group.
Oxford English Dictionary, Tenth Edition Published 2001
Black :- relating to a human group having dark-coloured skin, especially of African or Aboriginal ancestry; full of anger and hatred; deeply stained with dirt

White :- relating to a human group having light-coloured skin, especially of European ancestry; morally or spiritually pure
The identity of Black people here is clearly racist. It has been put in one of the country's most used dictionary's which will then most probably influence many to believe and stereotype Black people in a racist manner. It is in contrast to what they have written about White people as pure compared to something dirty. White people here will probably think they have much more power than Black people.


COLLECTIVE IDENTITY: Where an individuals identity is based upon the social group that they are a member of.
Poletta and Jasper
'It is a perception which may be imagined rather than experienced directly...A collective identity may have been first constructed by outsiders(for example, as in the case of Asians or refugees in this country), who may still enforce it, but it depends on some acceptance by those to whom it is applied.'
What I have witnessed is how Black people are offended when a non Black person uses the 'N' word. However, some Black people use the word on each other as a friendly name and listen to music which contains this word. In this case they are not offended which then gives people the impression that they are not offended by the word.


MEDIATION: It is the way in which a message is constructed through a text.
http://http//www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/05/25/ryan-giggs-fights-to-save-marriage-after-alleged-affair-with-imogen-thomas-115875-23154878/
Ryan Giggs here is represented as desperate and weak trying to get back to his wife. This photograph could have been taken anywhere when driving but the newspaper suggests it is just after seeing after his wife take her ring off and throw it at him. From this the median encourages the readers to believe that his wife was aggressive towards him.


REPRESENTATION: Representation refers to the construction in any medium (especially the mass media) of aspects of ‘reality’ such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other abstract concepts.
In Nikita, the woman is represented as strong and independent as well as a fighter. This subverts the usual stereotype of the emotional woman to a fighting woman. However, it fits the Male Gaze of having an actress that is pretty and attractive which would attract the male audience to watch this action drama.

HEGEMONY: Hegemony refers to the power of a single group in a society to essentially lead and dictate the other groups of the society.

Example:
Football is a Hegemony of this country. When looking through a newspaper the sports coverage of the sport is huge. It is as if the audience not even a big fan of football are expected to know about what's going on. Football is now a cultural event of this country which the media influence by articles, dominance over advertising through sportswear, matches on televisions main channels and more...


COLONIALISM AND POST-COLONIALISM:

Colonialism is where one country for example Britain colonizing a country like India. They took over the country by changing government laws. Britain also did this to many other countries in the Industrial revolution.

Post -Colonialism is how the countries are trying to bring countries together at peace. It is a more modern way and not conflict where Empires are taking over.

IMPERIAL 'OTHER'

"the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination."

It is an unchanging variation that does not allow an individual say.

YOUTH SUBCULTURE: A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. This can be linked to collective identity because of how a youth could be mistaken into a stereotyped group of youths when they could be very different. For example, if a young boy got on the bus with a hoody, ipod and jeans they could be stereotyped as a yob and dangerous when they could be perfectly respectful and nice.

SYNCRETISM: the attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.
Rock music is the blending of so many different forms of music it is hard to keep track.


POST - MODERNISM: In which new products can be constructed with reference to existing ones.

URBAN MUSIC: A genre of music covering such styles as hip-hop, drum and bass, R'n'B and garage. This would include artists like Beyonce, Jay-Z, Rihanna e.t.c. As you can see the people I listed are black however there are a minority of white people. Black people introduced R'n'B music in the 80's to 90's.